Numerical Modeling to Monitor Dispersion Pressure on the Deposition of Arthrobacter in Predominant Phreatic Bed

To determine if a given water supply is safe, the source needs to be protected and monitored regularly. There are two broad approaches to water quality monitoring for pathogen detection. The first approach is direct detection of the pathogen itself, for example, the protozoan Cryptosporidium parvum. While it will be more accurate and precise if specific disease-causing pathogens are detected directly for the determination of water quality, there are several problems with this approach. First, it would be practically impossible to test for each of the wide variety of pathogens that may be present in polluted water. Second, even though most of these pathogens can now be directly detected, the methods are often difficult, relatively expensive, and time-consuming (WHO, 1996). Instead, water monitoring for microbiological quality is primarily based on a second approach, which is to test for .indicator organisms. For a classification table created by the author of typical indicator organisms) The indicator microorganisms should fulfill the following criteria Stetler [1]. The concept which explains the ultimate destination of rainwater is the sea either directly through run off or indirectly be infiltration and subsurface flow. A system of water movement in the atmosphere or rainfall, dews, hailstones or snowfalls over land as run off. Vertical and horizontal movement underground as infiltration or subsurface and continuous movement of all forms of water is the hydrogeology cycle. In the atmosphere, water vapours condense and may give rise to precipitation. However, not all this precipitation will reach the ground surface; some are intercepted by vegetation cover or surface of building and other structures and then evaporate back into the atmosphere. The precipitation that reaches the ground surface may flow in to stream, lake and ocean, where it will either be evaporated or form seepages intruding in to the ground likewise soil moisture and further percolate downward to underline aquifer where it may be held for several years longer. Groundwater in Nigeria is restricted by the fact that more than half of the country is underlain by crystalline basement rock of pre-cambian era. The main rock types in this geological terrain include igneous and metamorphic rock such as migmatites and granite gneisses. Generally in their unaltered form, they are characterized by low porosity and permeability. Porosity in basement rocks is by induction through weathering while secondary permeability induces by tectonic activities which manifest in form of that often act as conduct path facilitating water movement. In other words, aquiferous zones in the basement terrain include fractured/weathered rocks. The yielding capacity of well, drilled within such rock are always very enormous. (Shitta 2007) Groundwater is the main resource of drinking water in many parts of the world. Contamination resulting from industry, urbanization and agriculture poses a threat to the groundwater quality Amadi [2,3]. The task of balancing groundwater protection and economic activities is challenging. Therefore, understanding the effects of different water management strategies and the role of climate change is essential for the sustainable use of coastal groundwater resources (Prasad and Narayana, 2004). According to Olobaniyi and Owoyemi (2006), the coastal regions of the world are the most densely populated areas in the world. More than one third of the world’s populations are living within 100 km of the coastline (Hughes, et al., 1998). At the same time, the coastal regions provide about one third of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital Aris et al. [4]. Such growth is accompanied by increasing demand for water supply leading to the overexploitation of the aquifer system and excessive drainage for land reclamation purposes. Contamination of the groundwater by natural means (seawater intrusion) and through anthropogenic means (human activities) cannot be ruled out in the area. The study is aimed at evaluating the quality of groundwater from the coastal plain-sand aquifer in Port-Harcourt area with the Volume 2 Issue 1 2018